CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 34, No 4, September/October 2023 250 AFRICA The number of patients with vessel diameter > 3 mm was significantly lower in the Q3 and Q4 groups (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the four groups in other parameters (Table 1). The results related to FFR value after adenosine infusion showed that 89 patients had non-critical stenosis and 69 had critical stenosis. HT was more common in the critical stenosis group (p = 0.036). The number of FFRs performed for right coronary artery (RCA) lesions was higher in the group with non-critical stenosis (p < 0.001). Multivessel disease was also more common in the critical stenosis group (p = 0.012). In the critical stenosis group, there was a significant difference in baseline FFR value, adenosine FFR value and percentage change in FFR compared to the non-critical stenosis group (p < 0.001). While < 3-mm vessel diameter was more common in the non-critical stenosis group, > 3-mm vessel diameter was more common in the critical stenosis group (p < 0.001). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was also significantly higher in the critical stenosis group (p = 0.025). Otherwise, no significant Odds ratio 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Baseline FFR <0.89 ≤0.92 Patients with FFR ≤ 0.92 All population Fig. 2. Odds ratios for critical coronary artery stenosis based on baseline FFR value. Table 1. Demographic information and clinical findings of the study population Variables All population (n = 158) Baseline FFR p-value Q1 (< 0.89) (n = 40) Q2 (0.89–0.92) (n = 40) Q3 (0.93–0.95) (n = 39) Q4 (> 0.95) (n = 39) Age, years 59.8 ± 9.2 60.1 ± 10.2 59.4 ± 9.9 61.6 ± 8 58.3 ± 8.4 0.478 Male gender, n (%) 124 (78.5) 33 (82.5) 34 (85.0) 28 (71.8) 29 (74.4) 0.433 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 44 (27.8) 13 (32.5) 11 (27.5) 7 (17.9) 13 (33.3) 0.399 Hypertension, n (%) 61 (38.6) 20 (50.0) 15 (37.5) 15 (38.5) 11 (28.2) 0.271 Culprit lesion, n (%) LAD 115 (72.8) 35 (87.5) 34 (85.0) 30 (76.9) 16 (41.0) < 0.001* Cx 18 (11.4) 2 (5.0) 1 (2.5) 5 (12.8) 10 (25.6) RCA 23 (14.6) 3 (7.5) 5 (12.5) 4 (10.3) 11 (28.2) LMCA 1 (0.6) 0 0 0 1 (2.6) D1 1 (0.6) 0 0 0 1 (2.6) Segment, n (%) Ostial 45 (28.5) 14 (35.0) 11 (27.5) 11 (28.2) 9 (23.1) 0.264 Proximal 64 (40.5) 16 (40.0) 17 (42.5) 11 (28.2) 20 (51.3) Mid 46 (29.1) 10 (25.0) 11 (27.5) 17 (43.6) 8 (20.5) Distal 3 (1.9) 0 1 (2.5) 0 2 (5.1) Multivessel, n (%) 97 (61.4) 32 (80.0) 21 (52.5) 22 (56.4) 22 (56.4) 0.041* History of MI, n (%) 64 (40.5) 16 (40.0) 16 (40.0) 18 (46.2) 14 (35.9) 0.827 CTO, n (%) 10 (6.3) 6 (15.0) 1 (2.5) 1 (2.6) 2 (5.1) 0.118 FFR. % Baseline 91.5 ± 4.8 84.9 ± 2.2 90.2 ± 1.1 93.7 ± 1.0 97.6 ± 1.2 < 0.001* Adenosine 82.7 ± 8.0 74.2 ± 4.6 79.6 ± 5.2 85.8 ± 5.1 91.6 ± 4.0 < 0.001* Change 9 (5.2–13) 11.6 (9.6–14.4) 12.7 (6.7–16) 7.4 (4.2–10.8) 5.2 (3.1–8.2) < 0.001* Lesion status. n (%) Non-critical 2 (5.0) 14 (35.0) 34 (87.2) 39 (100.0) < 0.001* Critical 38 (95.0) 26 (65.0) 5 (12.8) 0 Vessel diameter. n (%) < 3 mm 70 (44.3) 11 (27.5) 11 (27.5) 23 (59.0) 25 (64.1) < 0.001* > 3 mm 88 (55.7) 29 (72.5) 29 (72.5) 16 (41.0) 14 (35.9) Stent size, mm 3 (2.8–3) 3 (2.9–3.0) 3 (2.8–3.0) 3 (2.8–3.0) – 0.858 Stent length, mm 28 (20–40) 32 (28–40) 24 (16–33) 20 (16–52) – 0.310 GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 87.9 ± 20.9 89.7 ± 20.2 92.1 ± 17.3 78.3 ± 23.2 90.1 ± 21.7 0.150 Creatinine, mg/dl 0.8 (0.7–1.0) 0.9 (0.8–1.0) 0.9 (0.7–1.0) 0.9 (0.8–1.1) 0.8 (0.7–0.9) 0.282 Haemoglobin, g/dl 13.7 ± 2.1 13.6 ± 2.3 14.0 ± 2.0 12.9 ± 1.8 14.5 ± 2.1 0.142 LVEDD, mm 50.1 ± 5.2 51.7 ± 5.4 51.2 ± 3.9 46.3 ± 4.1 45.3 ± 2.1 0.081 LVESD, mm 34.1 ± 5.9 34.9 ± 4.6 37.3 ± 10.1 32.3 ± 7.4 31.0 ± 2.6 0.554 LVEF, % 52.9 ± 9.3 51.8 ± 9.3 52.1 ± 8.7 55.3 ± 7.5 53.1 ± 11.8 0.633 Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR) or number (%). *p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Bold characters show differences between groups. LAD: left anterior descending, Cx: circumflex, RCA: right coronary artery, LMCA: left main coronary artery, D1: diagonal 1, MI: myocardial infarction, CTO: chronic total oclusion, FFR: fractionated flow reserve, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.
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