Background Image
Table of Contents Table of Contents
Previous Page  35 / 78 Next Page
Information
Show Menu
Previous Page 35 / 78 Next Page
Page Background

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 30, No 1, January/February 2019

AFRICA

33

tackled, keeping in mind local challenges. STEMI preparedness

strategies and innovative homegrown solutions should become

an area of focus for healthcare providers coming to terms with

the expected epidemic of coronary artery disease in SSA.

References

1.

World Health Organization. Projections of mortality and burden of

disease, 2004–2030.

2.

2Onen CL. Epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease in sub-Saharan

Africa.

Cardiovasc J Afr

2013;

24

(2): 34–42.

3.

Omran AR. The epidemiologic transition: A theory of the epidemiology

of population change.

Milbank Q

2005;

83

(4): 731–757.

4.

Steyn K, Sliwa K, Hawken S, Commerford P, Onen C, Damascene A,

et al.

Risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in Africa: The

INTERHEART Africa Study.

Circulation

2005;

112

(23): 3554–3561.

5.

Hertz JT, Reardon JM, Rodrigues CG, De Andrade L, Limkakeng

AT, Bloomfield GS,

et al

. Acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan

Africa: The need for data.

PLoS One

2014;

9

(5): 1–7.

6.

Jablonski-Cohen MS, Kosgei RJ, Rerimoi AJ, Mamlin JJ. The emerg-

ing problem of coronary heart disease in Kenya.

East Afr Med J

2003;

80

(6): 293–297.

7.

Shavadia J, Yonga G, Otieno H. A prospective review of acute coronary

syndromes in an urban hospital in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cardiovasc J Afr

2012;

23

(6): 318–321.

8.

Ogeng’o J., Gatonga P, Olabu BO. Cardiovascular causes of death in an

east African country: An autopsy study.

Cardiol J

2011;

18

(1): 67–72.

9.

Shaper AG. Cardiovascular studies in the Samburu tribe of Northern

Kenya.

Am Heart J

1962;

63

: 437–42.

10. Simpson CR, Buckley BS, McLernon DJ, Sheikh A, Murphy A,

Hannaford PC. Five-year prognosis in an incident cohort of people

presenting with acute myocardial infarction.

PLoS One

2011;

6

(10): 1–7.

11. Smolina K, Wright FL, Rayner M, Goldacre MJ. Long-term survival

and recurrence after acute myocardial infarction in England, 2004 to

2010.

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes

2012;

5

(4): 532–540.

12. Schamroth C. Management of acute coronary syndrome in South

Africa: insights from the ACCESS (Acute Coronary Events – a

Multinational Survey of Current Management Strategies) registry:

cardiovascular topics.

Cardiovasc J Afr

2012;

23

(7): 365–370.

13. Ogeng’o JA, Olabu BO, Ong’era D, Sinkeet SR. Pattern of acute

myocardial infarction in an African country.

Acta Cardiol

2010;

65

(6):

613–618.

14. Wachira B, Owuor A, OtienoH. Emergencymanagement of ST-elevation

myocardial infarction in a tertiary hospital in Kenya: Are we complying

with practice guidelines?

Afr J Emerg Med

2013;

3

(4): S10.

15. Jaffe AS. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction.

Clin

Biochem

2013;

46

(1–2): 1–4.

16. Mehran R, Rao SV, Bhatt DL, Gibson CM, Caixeta A, Eikelboom J,

et al.

Standardized bleeding definitions for cardiovascular clinical trials:

a consensus report from the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium.

Circulation

2011;

123

(23): 2736–2747.

17. Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, Caplan LR, Connors JJ, Culebras

A,

et al

. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: A state-

ment for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/

American Stroke Association.

Stroke

2013;

44

(7): 2064–2089.

18. Hicks K, Hung H, Mahaffey KW, Mehran R, Nissen SE, Stockbridge

NL,

et al

. Standardized definitions for endpoint events in cardiovascular

trials. CDISC 20 Oct 2010.

19. Mandelzweig L. The second Euro Heart Survey on acute coronary

syndromes: characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with

ACS in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin in 2004.

Eur Heart J

2006;

27

(19): 2285–2293.

20. Gibson CM, Murphy SA, Kirtane AJ, Giugliano RP, Cannon CP,

Antman EM,

et al

. Association of duration of symptoms at presenta-

tion with angiographic and clinical outcomes after fibrinolytic therapy

in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

J Am Coll

Cardiol

2004;

44

(5): 980–987.

21. Alnasser SMA, Huang W, Gore JM, Steg PG, Eagle KA, Anderson

FA,

et al

. Late consequences of acute coronary syndromes: Global

Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) follow-up.

Am J Med

2015;

128

(7): 766–775.